Friday, April 6, 2012

Global Market report Lithium-Ion Capacitors in Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation

ElectroniCast

Market Forecast & Analysis (2011-2021)

– Tables of Contents –

1. Executive Summary 1-1

1.1 Overview: Lithium-Ion Capacitor Market 1-1

Lithium-Ion Capacitors (LICs) 1-1

Photovoltaics (PV) 1-2

More Effective Utilization of Energy 1-2

Joint-venture company for LIC business 1-2

The Lithium-Ion Capacitor Market 1-3

ElectroniCast Market Forecast Database Structure 1-3

Regional Market Segmentation 1-4

Consumption Value 1-4

Nominal Capacitance - Farad (F) 1-5

Comparison to Other Technologies 1-5

Photovoltaic: Growing Demand for Renewable Energy Sources 1-6

Solar Cell Manufacturing Plant 1-6

Solar PV LED Lighting Using Lithium-Ion Capacitors 1-7

Light Emitting Diode Lighting 1-8

Street Lighting 1-9

Advantages of LEDs 1-9

Market Forecast: LICs used in Solar PV Power Generation 1-10

Quantity Market Forecast (Farad) 1-11

Selling Price Market Forecast (Farad) 1-12

Value Market Forecast by Region 1-13

Green-Tech Opportunity Costs 1-14

Types of End-Use Solar Photovoltaic Systems 1-14

Market Forecast Application Categories 1-15

R&D (Research and Development) 1-16

1.2 Solar Photovoltaic Technology- Overview 1-17

Explanation: Photovoltaic 1-17

PV: Cells, Modules and Arrays 1-17

Solar Cells and Energy Payback 1-20

Crystalline Silicon 1-20

Types of Thin-film Semiconductors 1-21

Solar Cells Manufacturing – Competition Overview 1-21

2. Technology Overview: LIC and Relevant Concerns 2-1

A Novel Lithium-Doping Approach for an Advanced Lithium Ion Capacitor 2-1

Patent Information: Lithium Ion Capacitor 2-2

Carbon Nanofiber 2-3

Lithium-ion Capacitor versus Other Storage Technologies 2-6

Water System - Hybrid Capacitor 2-7

Hybrid Device: Lithium-ion Capacitor and Lithium-ion Battery 2-8

Nanogate Carbon 2-8

Capacitance Increasing Technology 2-9

Electric Car with a Lithium Ion Capacitor 2-9

High-performance Li-ion Capacitor Developed With CNT, Lithium Titanate 2-10

Northwestern University 2-14

Evolution of Research Emphasis During Technology Life Cycle 2-16

– Tables of Contents – Continued

3. LIC in Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation (2011-2021) 3-1

3.1 Overview: Global Market Forecast 3-1

Market Forecast Application Categories 3-1

Market Forecast Functions 3-1

Advantages of Using Solar Photovoltaic Streetlights 3-2

Sales/Distribution-Channel 3-3

Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative 3-5

International Energy Agency 3-7

Ubiquitous Product Environment 3-9

Worldwide Market Forecast (Value, $Million) 3-9

Nominal Capacitance - Farad (F) 3-10

Worldwide Market Forecast (Volume, Farad/Million) 3-11

Worldwide Market Forecast (ASP, $/Each Farad) 3-12

Value Market Forecast by Region 3-14

3.2 America Market Forecast 3-16

Value Market Forecast: America 3-16

American Region, by User Group 3-17

Energy Policy of the United States 3-19

Five-Year Commercialization Support Plan 3-20

Next Generation Lighting Industry Alliance (NGLIA) 3-23

Development of the Economies in Latin America 3-28

Economic Recovery 3-30

Countries Face the Risk of Overheating 3-30

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Latin America 3-31

Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR) 3-31

Comunidad Andina, CAN 3-32

"South American Free Trade Area" (SAFTA) 3-32

Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur) 3-33

Cooperation Agreement with Mercosur 3-34

The World Bank Group (WBG)/Others 3-35

Trade and Integration between Brazil and Colombia 3-36

Argentina Economic Overview 3-36

Bolivia Economic Overview 3-37

Brazil Economic Overview 3-38

Chile Economic Overview 3-38

Colombia Economic Overview 3-39

Costa Rica Economic Overview 3-40

Ecuador Economic Overview 3-41

El Salvador Economic Overview 3-42

Guatemala Economic Overview 3-45

Honduras Economic Overview 3-45

Mexico Economic Overview 3-46

Nicaragua Economic Overview 3-47

Panama Economic Overview 3-49

Paraguay Economic Overview 3-49

Peru Economic Overview 3-50

Uruguay Economic Overview 3-51

Venezuela Economic Overview 3-52

LED-Based Street Lamps Used With Solar Panel 3-54

Viaducto Bicentenario Superhighway (Mexico) 3-55

3.3 EMEA Market Forecast 3-56

European Sub-Regions as identified by the United Nations Geo-scheme 3-56

European Market Forecast by Regional Geo-scheme 3-57

Value Market Forecast: EMEA 3-60

International Environmental Treaty 3-64

Energy Performance of Buildings 3-64

Economic Recovery Overview-Europe 3-65

Council of the European Union – Foreign Affairs/Trade 3-70

Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Program (CIP) 3-71

Economic Developments in Africa 3-72

– Tables of Contents – Continued

3.4 APAC Market Forecast 3-73

Value Market Forecast: APAC 3-74

Global Financial Crisis 3-77

Japan Economic Situation 3-77

People’s Republic of China Economy 3-78

Republic of Korea’s Economy 3-79

Kyoto Protocol 3-80

Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) 3-81

Japan Energy Star Council 3-81

Energy efficiency buildings in Japan 3-82

Energy efficiency buildings in China 3-82

Energy efficiency buildings in Hong Kong 3-82

Energy efficiency buildings in Taiwan 3-83

Energy efficiency buildings in Korea 3-83

Energy efficiency buildings in Malaysia 3-84

Building energy efficiency policy in the Philippines 3-84

Energy efficiency building in Singapore 3-84

Energy efficiency buildings in Thailand 3-85

Energy efficiency buildings for India 3-85

Australia GDP 3-85

ANZCERTA 3-86

Australian Foreign Investment Review Board 3-88

Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) 3-91

Thailand-Australia Free Trade Agreement (TAFTA) 3-91

Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement 3-92

Australia-Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA) 3-92

Australia-China Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 3-92

Australia-GCC Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 3-93

Australia-Japan Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 3-93

Australia-Korea Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Negotiations 3-93

Australia-Malaysia Free Trade Agreement negotiations 3-94

Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (PACER) 3-94

Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) negotiations 3-95

Australia-India FTA Feasibility Study 3-96

Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA) 3-96

Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research 3-97

Future Manufacturing Industry Innovation Council 3-97

Australia: Re-tooling for Climate Change Program 3-97

Energy Efficiency for Small business program – NSW only‏ 3-98

Australia Commercial Building Disclosure scheme (CBD scheme) 3-98

NSW Green Business Program 3-98

AusIndustry Green Building Fund 3-98

Development of the Economy in India 3-99

ELCINA Electronic Industries Association of India 3-100

ELCOMA (India) 3-101

World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC) 3-102

Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) 3-103

Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) 3-103

National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency (India) 3-104

Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) 3-105

Solar/Wind LED Street Lighting in Tangshan, Hebei province, China 3-106

Solar Street Light Project – Okinawa 3-107

– Tables of Contents – Continued

4. Lithium-Ion Capacitor Competitors & Related Entities 4-1

The following Companies/Entities are discussed in this chapter:

Advanced Capacitor Technologies, Inc. 4-2

JEOL Ltd. 4-2

Sojitz Corporation 4-2

Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd. 4-2

Asahi Kasei FDK Energy Device Co., Ltd. 4-4 Asahi Kasei 4-4

FDK 4-4

Eamex Corporation 4-7

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft 4-8

Fuji Electric Systems Co., Ltd. 4-10

Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.; Hitachi AIC Inc. 4-13

Ionova Technologies 4-16

Ioxus Incorporated 4-18

JM Energy Corporation / JSR Group 4-20

KAIDO MFG.CO.,LTD. 4-26

Mitsubishi Electric 4-27

NEC Energy Devices, Ltd. 4-30

NEC/Tokin 4-30

Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation 4-34

Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 4-34

K&W Company 4-34

Oki Printed Circuits Co Ltd 4-37

Panasonic 4-39

Sanyo Electric 4-39

5. Market Research Methodology 5-1

Information Base 5-1

Bottom-Up Methodology 5-2

Cross-Correlation Increases Accuracy 5-4

Nature of the Data 5-4

Inventory Change 5-5

R&D (Research and Development) 5-5

6. Definitions: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and General Terms 6-1

7. ElectroniCast Market Forecast Data Base – Introduction/Explanation of Excel Worksheets 7-1

7.1 Overview 7-1

7.2 Tutorial of the Excel Worksheets 7-3

Example 7-4

– List of Tables –

1.1.1 LICs in Solar PV Power Generation Global Market Forecast, by Region ($ Million) 1-13

1.1.2 LICs in Solar PV Power Generation Global Market Forecast, by End-User ($ Million) 1-15

2.1 LICs Measurement Specifications 2-7

3.1.1 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Global Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-10

3.1.2 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Global Forecast, by End-User Group (Million/Farads) 3-11

3.1.3 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Global Forecast, by End-User Group (ASP per Farad) 3-12

3.1.4 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Global Forecast, by Region ($ Million) 3-14

3.1.5 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Global Forecast, by Region (Million/Farads) 3-15

3.1.6 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Global Forecast, by Region (ASP per Farad) 3-15

3.2.1 LICs Used in PV Power Generation American Forecast, by Sub-Region ($ Million) 3-16

3.2.2 LICs Used in PV Power Generation American Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-17

3.2.3 LICs Used in PV Power Generation USA/Canada Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-18

3.2.4 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Latin American Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-18

3.2.5 Latin American Demographic Trends 3-29

3.3.1 European Sub-Regions as identified by the United Nations Geo-scheme 3-56

3.3.2 Population in Northern Europe, by Country 3-57

3.3.3 Population in Southern Europe, by Country 3-58

– List of Tables – Continued

3.3.4 Population in Western Europe, by Country 3-59

3.3.5 Population in Eastern Europe, by Country 3-59

3.3.6 LICs Used in PV Power Generation EMEA Forecast, by Sub-Region ($ Million) 3-60

3.3.7 LICs Used in PV Power Generation EMEA Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-61

3.3.8 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Northern Europe Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-62

3.3.9 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Southern Europe Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-62

3.3.10 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Western Europe Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-63

3.3.11 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Eastern Europe Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-63

3.3.12 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Middle East/Africa Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-63

3.4.1 LICs Used in PV Power Generation APAC Forecast, by Sub-Region ($ Million) 3-74

3.4.2 LICs Used in PV Power Generation APAC Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-75

3.4.3 LICs in PV Power Generation People’s Republic of China Forecast, End-User Group ($ Million) 3-75

3.4.4 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Japan Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-76

3.4.5 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Republic of Korea Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-76

3.4.5 LICs Used in PV Power Generation Rest of APAC Forecast, by End-User Group ($ Million) 3-76

3.4.5 List of ELCOMA Members 3-102

– List of Figures –

1.1.1 Energy Density vs. Power Density for LIC with Different Technologies 1-5

1.1.2 Solar Photovoltaic LED Lighting Using Lithium-Ion Capacitors 1-7

1.1.3 LICs used in Solar PV Power Generation Global Market Forecast (Value Basis, $ Million) 1-10

1.1.4 LICs used in Solar PV Power Generation Global Market Forecast (Quantity Basis, Million/Farad) 1-11

1.1.5 LICs used in Solar PV Power Generation Global Market Forecast (ASP per Farad) 1-12

1.1.6 LICs in Solar PV Power Gen. Global Forecast, by End-User Group, $ Million & Market Share (%) 1-16

1.2.1 Photovoltaic Cell, Module and Array 1-18

1.2.2 Cell Efficiencies 1-23

2.1 Advanced Lithium Ion Capacitor 2-1

2.2 Ultra-Centrifugal Processing Technology 2-5

2.3 Electrochemical Difference: EDLC and Lithium Ion Capacitors 2-6

2.4 High-performance LIC Developed With CNT, Lithium Titanate 2-12

2.5 Electrode: Composite material and Aluminum Alloy Current Collector 2-13

2.6 Evolution of Research Emphasis during Technology Life Cycle 2-16

3.2.1 LED-Based Street Lamps Used With Solar Panel in Mexico 3-54

3.4.1 Solar/Wind LED Street Lighting (China) 3-107

3.4.2 Solar LED Street Lighting (Okinawa) 3-108

4.1 Cylindrical Lithium-ion Capacitor 4-3

4.2 Lithium-ion (Li-ion) capacitor module for HEVs 4-6

4.3 Lithium-ion Capacitor 4-15

4.4 Lithium-ion Capacitor 4-17

4.5 Ultra Capacitors 4-19

4.6 Laminate Cell 4-21

4.7 Laminate Cell Module 4-21

4.8 Prismatic Cell 4-22

4.9 Prismatic Cell Module 4-23

4.10 Electric Double-Layer Capacitor Prototype 4-28

4.11 Structure of (3 x 3cm) Prototype 4-29

4.12 Lithium-Ion Battery (Cell) for Electric Vehicles 4-33

4.13 Nano-Hybrid Capacitors 4-36

4.14 Embedded Li-ion Battery in Printed Board 4-38

5.1 Market Research & Forecasting Methodology 5-3

Contact: stephen_montgomery@electronicastconsultants.com

Big Improvement of Lithium Ion Capacitor Characteristics

Advanced Capacitor Technologies, Inc. (ACT) developed Premlis® based on their novel technology, succeeding to the first capacitor EcoCache® by applying the technology of Nanogate Carbon®.

Premlis® is a new asymmetric capacitor by applying Nanogate Carbon® as cathode (positive electrode) and graphitic carbons as anode (negative electrode).

It has enabled Advanced Capacitor Technologies to achieve big improvement of capacitor characteristics; the rated voltage as high as 4V, and twice effective energy density of their conventional products (patent pending).

Source: Advanced Capacitor Technologies, Inc. (ACT)

Lithium Ion Capacitor (LIC) Joint-Venture Company

As previously announced by the FDK release “Final agreement to establish joint venture for lithium ion capacitor business” dated on August 2, 2011, FDK and Asahi Kasei have since established a joint-venture company for their combined business operations related to the lithium ion capacitor (LIC), a next-generation energy storage device.

The new joint venture will be focused on accelerating the development of the LIC market by combining the superior technologies of the two companies in order to expand operations and heighten corporate value.
As LICs are increasingly well-known for having higher cell capacity than conventional electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and longer life than lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), demand for them is anticipated to grow most notably in applications for construction equipment, uninterruptible power supplies, and electric vehicles. The new joint-venture company will play a leadership role in the LIC market, which is expected to grow to over ¥100 billion from 2015 onward.

Outline of the joint venture

Name: Asahi Kasei FDK Energy Device Co., Ltd.
Establishment: October 3, 2011
President: Kiyohide Tsutsui
Head office: Shizuoka, Japan
Paid-in capital: ¥100 million
Investment ratio: FDK 51%, Asahi Kasei 49%
Operations: Research, development, production, and sale of LIC cells and modules
Employees: 76

For more information, please contact:
FDK Corporation
Asahi Kasei Corporation
Corporate Communication Office
Corporate Communications
Phone: +81-(0)3-3434-1271
Phone: +81-(0)3-3296-3008
Fax: +81-(0)3-3434-1375
Fax: +81-(0)3-3296-3162

LIC-based system for compensation of short-term power disruptions

JSR Corporation (President: Mitsunobu Koshiba) announced in January (2012) that ULTIMO ,a product developed by JM Energy Corporation (President: Goro Miyabe), a wholly owned subsidiary of JSR that manufactures and markets lithium ion capacitors (LICs), has been incorporated into the lithium-ion capacitor-based system for compensation of short-term power disruptions (hereafter, “the system”) developed jointly by Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. (President & Director: Akihisa Mizuno) and Meidensha Corporation (President: Junzo Inamura). The system is designed to comprehensively protect plant manufacturing facilities from electric power failure caused by lightning strikes and other causes.

The system has been undergoing field testing at the JSR Yokkaichi Plant since December 2011. It will be field tested for the next two years to check voltage sag compensation functions under actual operating conditions and to verify its long-term reliability under continuous operation. Upon confirmation of reliability, Meidensha will commercialize the system starting 2014.

In plant manufacturing facilities, when a lightning strike or other cause induces electric power failure, it may lead to a malfunction, halt of operations, or even serious damage. A voltage compensator with longer compensation time is necessary to prevent such consequences. As such, Chubu Electric Power and Meidensha have developed this system that can cope with an electric power failure of up to 20 seconds by incorporating LICs, which have higher energy density and can store over three times as much energy as in conventional electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs). In addition, JM Energy's ULTIMO was selected for use in the system due to the high evaluation of its long-term durability.

The system has a much greater capacity and is able to compensate voltage for a longer period of time than a system using conventional EDLCs. In addition, the system’s use of JM Energy’s long-life LICs means replacement of the power storage unit is necessary only once every 15 years. The system also has a lower environmental-impact because it does not use any heavy metals, such as lead.

ElectroniCast Market Forecast - Lithium-ion Capacitors in Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation

According to ElectroniCast, the consumption value of LICs in Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is forecast to grow from less than$1 million in 2011 to nearly $233 million in 2021.

ElectroniCast Consultants, a leading market & technology forecast consultancy, published their market forecast of the worldwide consumption of lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) used in solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation.

ElectroniCast estimates that in 2011, the worldwide consumption value of lithium-ion capacitors used in solar photovoltaic power generation applications will reach (only) $0.862 million; however, consumption value is forecast to increase at an average annual growth rate of 87.5 percent to $19.99 million in 2016. From 2016-2021, the total consumption value is forecast an increase 63.4 percent per year, reaching $232.88 million in the year 2021. (All values and prices in this report are at end-user levels, and are in current dollars, which include the effect of a forecast 5 percent annual inflation rate over the forecast period).

A capacitor is an electrical device that stores or releases electricity through rapid electrostatic reactions. Compared with a battery that stores electricity through slow chemical reactions, a capacitor makes it possible to charge and discharge electricity almost instantaneously with a long cycle life.

Lithium-Ion Capacitors (LICs) have a higher power density as compared to batteries and they are safer in use than Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs), since thermal runaway reactions may occur with LIBs. Compared to an Electric Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC), the lithium-ion capacitor has a higher output voltage. They both have similar power densities, but energy density of a lithium-ion capacitor is higher.

According to ElectroniCast one of the main market driver for LICs with solar (PV) panels will be in conjunction with light emitting diode (LED) street/roadway lighting.

Although there is currently a huge build-up of existing inventory of PV solar panels, mainly due to the on-going global economic pressures, eventually the solar photovoltaic industry sector has an impressive outlook.

This 226-page market forecast report is available immediately from ElectroniCast Consultants (fee $2,800). For detailed information on this or other services provided by ElectroniCast, please contact Theresa Hosking, Marketing/Sales; thosking@electronicastconsultants.com

(Telephone/USA: 707/275-9397)

ElectroniCast Consultants – www.electronicast.com specializes in forecasting trends in technology forecasting, markets and applications forecasting, strategic planning and consulting. ElectroniCast Consultants, as a technology-based independent forecasting firm, serves industrial companies, trade associations, government agencies, communication and data network companies and the financial community. Reduction of the risk of major investment decisions is the main benefit provided. ElectroniCast Consultants’ goal is to understand the challenges and opportunities facing clients and to provide timely, accurate information for strategic planning.

Copper Indium Selenide Technology Solar Module Supply

Copper Indium Selenide (CIS) solar power innovator Solar Frontier has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with solar project developer Japan Asia Group Limited (JAG).

The firms will cooperate on promoting solar power businesses in Japan.

Solar Frontier plans to provide products and services including consultation on project planning, CIS solar modules supply, and sourcing of balance-of-systems equipment for JAG on projects it is handling that total over 100 MW, which is enough to power 30,000 Japanese households. This agreement applies to an overall operation framework, and individual projects will be negotiated going forward.

“Japan Asia Group’s subsidiary, Kokusai Kogyo Co. Ltd., worked with Solar Frontier to develop and operate the 1 MW Tsuno No.2 Solar Power Plant in Miyazaki,” says Tetsuo Yamashita, Chairman of Japan Asia Group. “Solar Frontier’s CIS modules delivered much higher power output than expected at that installation. This MOU is in recognition of the excellent performance of Solar Frontier’s CIS modules.”

“We are delighted to be able to partner with Japan Asia Group, a company that has a wealth of experience in utility-scale projects in Japan and around the world and strong ties to local projects in Japan,” adds Shigeaki Kameda, President and CEO of Solar Frontier. “Solar Frontier’s panels are manufactured entirely in Japan to the high standards that our customers should expect with confidence. Through cooperation with leading companies like this, we will be able to deliver our economically compelling CIS thin-film solar modules to customers in Japan and around the world.”

Solar Frontier has proven its outstanding CIS technology in terms of overall output through ”megasolar” installations around the world and in Japan, including the recently announced 100+ MW “Catalina” project in California, USA, the 10 MW “Komekurayama” plant in Yamanashi, Japan, and the 1 MW “Yukigunigata” project in Niigata, Japan.

NOTE: Copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) is a I-III-VI2 semiconductor material composed of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium. The material is a solid solution of copper indium selenide (often abbreviated "CIS") and copper gallium selenide. It has a chemical formula of CuInxGa(1-x)Se2 where the value of x can vary from 1 (pure copper indium selenide) to 0 (pure copper gallium selenide). CIGS is a tetrahedrally bonded semiconductor, with the chalcopyrite crystal structure, and a bandgap varying continuously with x from about 1.0 eV (for copper indium selenide) to about 1.7 eV (for copper gallium selenide). It is used as light absorber material for thin-film solar cells.